ANALYSIS OF MODERN METHODS AND MEANS OF ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES FOR MONITORING THREATENING STATIONARY AND MOBILE OBJECTS

Electronic methods and means of reconnaissance are a set of methods and organizational structures for conducting intelligence activities using electronic equipment and radio-technical devices (systems). The development of modern element base and computing facilities allows us to miniaturize modern facilities, introducing into them previously inaccessible algorithms and methods for processing the information received. This allows realSCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | No 81 251 time monitoring of potentially dangerous (threatening) stationary and mobile objects, promptly responding to emerging terrorist threats and other dangerous phenomena. On the paper briefly discusses the main modern methods and means of electronic intelligence for special purposes,

of the modern developments of special-purpose electronic intelligence tools are aimed at monitoring threatening (potentially dangerous) stationary and mobile objects. One of the reasons is a rather serious terrorist threat that poses a challenge not only to individual countries, but also to entire regions. Thus, terrorist groups attempted to create their own state in the Middle East and Africa, carried out actions in many parts of the world. In this regard, the work devoted to the study of methods and means of detecting and preventing possible threats is of interest.
Literature review. In general, the methods and means of electronic intelligence can be reduced to active, passive, active-passive (combined). The main advantage of active methods is the ability to adjust, within certain limits, the capabilities and structure of the emitted signals, the predictability of the expected response of the signal reflected from the object, deliberately predictable methods and processing algorithms. However, in modern conditions this leads to the rapid opening of intelligence assets, and, as a rule, to intensive counteraction. The main advantage of passive methods is the possibility of covert observation of objects of interest, the possibility of long-term accumulation of statistical information and, as a result, theoretically high enough secrecy, noise immunity and information content.
However, the main disadvantage is the a priori unknown structure of signals emitted by objects, the dependence of the information received on the radiation properties of the object, a larger number of equipment and computing facilities involved for processing signals in the possible radiation range of the object. Active-passive methods allow combining the advantages of each method and leveling their disadvantages. Their essence about the general form is as follows. There is a certain number of electronic means combined into a single system. part of the funds works for radiation and reception, part only for receiving signals. In this case, the structure and the intended methods of signal processing are known. The secrecy and security of the objects of such a system lies in the "flickering" mode of operation of the emitting devices and their quasi-chaotic radiation, with a constant change of location during the period of "silence". The reconnaissance object, even determining the position of the emitting means, does not have time to quickly react and neutralize the threat that has arisen for it. However, the use of active-passive methods impose rather stringent requirements on the means of communication, topographic reference and orientation, methods of monitoring and predicting the technical state of the system's components . load reduction or undermining cryptographic systems.
Using secretive methods, is a fairly reliable and effective means. Used by special services of almost all states to obtain the necessary intelligence information. Basically, the work is carried out in passive mode, but options for obtaining information using narrow-controlled radiation (for example, laser), which is in some cases a demuscating factor. A distinctive feature of radio repairs is its sufficient subjectivity, which consists in the need for a critical assessment of the data obtained. This is primarily due to the fact that information issued by an intelligence facility can be intentionally distorted, which causes the need for its multiple recheck.
To solve the problems of radio engineering intelligence to determine the structure of the signal received from the object and the coordinates of the radiation source, the methods of spectral analysis, as well as triangulate, difference-distance One of the specific problems of radio engineering intelligence when determining the location of objects is the high dependence of the accuracy of the estimates obtained from the distance between the reception points (system bases) and the accuracy of its measurement, which requires increased attention when solving top acceptance and orientation tasks. As shown in the sources given in the analysis of the literature, to achieve acceptable results of the assessment of the coordinates of the radiation source, the accuracy of measuring the bases should be an order of magnitude more accurate accuracy of measuring the primary coordinates.
Radar intelligence, being one of the oldest types of electronic intelligence, is at the moment one of the most informative. This is mainly due to: a sufficiently long history of the development of the theoretical school; -"more direct" methods for obtaining coordinate information (measurement errors are proportional to, in contrast to the methods of radiotechnical intelligence, Exploration is carried out in a completely autonomous or semi-autonomous mode.
The disadvantage is the impossibility of performing the functions of natural or deliberately supplied optically opaque noise.

Conclusions.
1. The modern development of the element base and computing facilities allows the implementation of most modern methods and algorithms for obtaining information by means of electronic intelligence for special purposes for monitoring threatening stationary and mobile objects. situation. Elimination of this drawback is possible by using systems using data from radio electronic (radio, radiotechnical, radar) and optoelectronic intelligences. 14. Рощупкин