PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF ADAPTATION OF UKRAINE'S WATER RESOURCES TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL

The tendencies and character of changes in the state of water resources of the state in the conditions of global climate changes are analyzed. Recommendations on priority areas for adaptation to climate change in Ukraine's water resources in the context of international commitments and the implementation of the European Green Deal are provided.

In addition, in the long run there is a high probability of increasing the area of arable land with insufficient moisture to 20.6 million hectares (67%) and 24.9 million hectares (80%), respectively. In addition to the deterioration of natural soil moisture, which negatively affects the conditions of agricultural production, climate change is accompanied by a decrease in surface runoff and infiltration supply of groundwater and groundwater.
In general, the data suggest that if climate change trends continue, there will be a further reduction in usable surface and groundwater resources. Solving the problem requires the transition to integrated water resources management on a basin basis, the creation of an appropriate organizational structure based on the European model and best international practices, which in general should contribute to ensuring water security of the state.
Problems of availability and availability of water resources in Ukraine will continue to grow. At the same time, insufficiently coordinated, situational strategies of water use, conjunctural decisions in the field of water resources management may jeopardize socio-economic indicators in entire regions. According to integrated estimates, over the next 15 to 20 years, the amount of available water resources in our country may decrease significantly.
It should also be taken into account that in Ukraine 99% of cities, 90% of urbantype settlements and 30% of rural settlements are provided with centralized water supply. However, only 69% of the population has access to centralized water supply systems, and 51% -to centralized drainage systems [2]. Scheduled water supply and use of imported water is carried out in 9 administrative regions of Ukraine for a population of about 270 thousand people.
Existing centralized drainage systems are extremely outdated, built with significant prospects for a steady increase in wastewater. Existing treatment facilities do not allow for wastewater treatment in accordance with the requirements of the legislation, which leads to the discharge of contaminated wastewater into water bodies.
Currently, there is a need to regulate at the legislative level the issue of approving the new National Target Social Program "Drinking Water of Ukraine" for SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 99 673 2022-2026 to replace the National Target Program "Drinking Water of Ukraine" for 2011-2020, which has expired. Implementation of the Program will ensure the development and reconstruction of centralized water supply and sewerage systems of settlements of Ukraine and provide the population of Ukraine with quality drinking water in sufficient quantities. Analysis of changes in climatic factors and generalization of modeling results in the most likely scenarios allows us to draw the following conclusions about the quantitative and qualitative changes in water resources in Ukraine [3].
By the middle of the 21st century, moisture resources should be reduced by an average of 15%. The largest decline is expected in the south-eastern part of the country and will be 22%. Heat resources will not grow significantly. The aridity limit will move to the north, indicating the expansion of the semi-arid zone. The area of excessive moisture in the north will no longer exist, and in the west (Carpathians) will decrease slightly. Declining water resources will be observed in the north and northwest of the country in the middle of the 21st century. In the North-Western Black Sea coast, it will reach 50%, and in the south-east -70%. In the central, northern and north-western parts of Ukraine there will be a reduction of water resources by 30-40%. And only the zone of excess moisture, located in the Ukrainian Carpathians, is virtually unchanged, in some places there will even be an increase in river water.
The steppe zone is expected to expand to the north, which will lead to the steppe zone covering about 40% of Ukraine's territory. In low-water years (75% of supply) in the south and southeast, water resources are expected to decrease to 90%. The negative effects of climate change will decrease in the western and north-western directions. According to the UN, a decrease in the average long-term annual runoff by 10% is accompanied by significant changes in water resources, by 50% -their destruction (70% -irreversible). The greatest risk of climate change may occur when water resources are damaged by 50% (climate risk factors are highest in this case).
When considering low-water and very low-water years, the risk of reducing their runoff to zero (drying) increases 5 times.
The main task of adapting water management to climate change is to preserve the potential and prevent the loss of volume and quality of water resources. The main priorities in this area are: reduction of losses of surface water resources due to reduction of evaporation area and optimization of water use in agriculture; improving the monitoring, forecasting, mapping of threats related to the harmful effects of water; updating protection schemes and response plans, optimizing and updating the system of water protection structures; modernization of water management system, increase of efficiency of water management constructions, modernization of rules of operation of reservoirs, modernization of irrigation systems.
In general, in our country there is a need to reform water management in the direction of achieving "good" water status by creating regulatory, institutional and economic framework for the implementation of integrated water management on a basin basis, effective and justified application of "polluter pays" and "user" to pay». Given the growing trend of greenhouse gas emissions, the world is on the way to a possible increase in temperature to + 4 ° C by 2100 compared to pre-industrial levels [4]. Therefore, it is necessary that all countries, including Ukraine, set realistic goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as global warming is already leading to large-scale negative consequences. Failure to keep the temperature rise within 1.5-2 ° C can lead, among other things, to a significant rise in sea level and the associated negative consequences. Evidence suggests that projected sea level rise could reach almost 1 meter by the end of the century and more than 10 meters in the coming centuries if countries do not take urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions [5].
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the average global sea level has risen by almost 20 cm between 1901 and 2010, and growth is only accelerating. Rising ocean levels pose a real threat to the coastal areas of many countries around the world, including our country. Ukraine has 2,500 km of coastline, so the negative effects of rising sea levels will also be reflected on the coast.
The possibility of a serious impact on the coastal zone of Ukraine sea level rise due to climate change is demonstrated by the results of the study [6]. Thus, the coastal territories of the southern regions of Ukraine may be intensively affected. By However, research shows that joint and effective action by the world to abandon fossil fuels and switch to renewable energy sources by 2050 may still limit global temperature growth of 1.5-2 ° C and sea level rise. will be almost three times lower than with 4° C warming [7].
Rising sea levels due to climate change are a real threat that requires active action at the international, national and local levels to address them. The Paris

Conclusions.
Much of Ukraine's territory is characterized by a low level of water supply and a high degree of vulnerability to climate change. In modern conditions, there is a high level of risks for water bodies of Ukraine, due to significant pollution and lack of adaptation of the water industry to the negative processes of climate change. In addition, unsatisfactory technical condition, wear and lack of branching of centralized water supply and sewerage systems, outdated water treatment technologies significantly complicate the process of providing the population with quality drinking water.
In such circumstances, it is necessary to conduct systematic research to assess the current ecological status of river basins in climate change in order to reduce potential threats and risks in the field of water safety, development of scientific bases for environmental rehabilitation and sustainable use of water resources in Ukraine. In general, the data suggest that if climate change trends continue, there will be a further reduction in usable surface and groundwater resources. Solving the problem requires the transition to integrated water resources management on a basin basis, the creation of an appropriate organizational structure according to the